CAIRO — Remnants of Egypt's old government reasserted themselves on Thursday within hours of the military ouster of the country's first freely elected president, in a crackdown that left scores of his Muslim Brotherhood backers under arrest, their television stations closed and former officials restored to powerful posts.
The actions provided the first indications of what Egypt's new political order could look like after Mohamed Morsi, the Islamist president in power for only a year, was deposed by Egypt's military commanders on Wednesday evening.
The commanders, who installed an interim civilian leader, said they had acted to bring the country back together after millions of Egyptians demonstrated against Mr. Morsi, claiming he had arrogated power, neglected the economy and worsened divisions in society.
But Mr. Morsi's downfall and the swift effort that followed to repress the Muslim Brotherhood enraged its constituents. They called for demonstrations nationwide on Friday, which could provide a telling test of the interim government's claims of inclusiveness toward all segments of Egypt's population.
By late Thursday, it was already clear that the forced change of power, which had the trappings of a military coup spurred by a popular revolt, had only aggravated the most seething division — that between the Muslim Brotherhood and the security apparatus built up by Hosni Mubarak, the president toppled in Egypt's 2011 revolution.
The divisions belied a stately ceremony in the country's highest court, where a little-known judge was sworn in as the new acting head of state. The interim president, the chief justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court, Adli Mansour, said he looked forward to parliamentary and presidential elections that would express the "true will of the people." Mr. Mansour praised the military's intervention so that Egypt could "correct the path of its glorious revolution."
Fighter jets screamed through the Cairo skies, and fireworks burst over huge celebrations in Tahrir Square.
At the same time, security forces held Mr. Morsi incommunicado in an undisclosed location, Islamist broadcast outlets were closed and prosecutors sought the arrest of hundreds of Mr. Morsi's Brotherhood colleagues, in a sign that they had the most to lose in Egypt's latest political convulsion.
"What kind of national reconciliation starts with arresting people?" asked Ebrahem el-Erian after security officials came to his family home before dawn to try to arrest his father, Essam el-Erian, a Brotherhood official. "This is complete exclusion."
Many of the most significant political shifts pointed to the reassertion of the "deep state," a term often used for the powerful branches of the Mubarak-era government that remained in place after he had been deposed.
Much of that state apparatus has always shown deep distrust of Mr. Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood, despite their clear victories in parliamentary and presidential elections.
Mr. Morsi never succeeded in asserting his control over the military, the security services, the judiciary or the sprawling state bureaucracy. Nor was he able to dismantle the support network that Mr. Mubarak and his National Democratic Party cultivated through nearly 30 years in power.
So once the military removed Mr. Morsi, many of these elements set their sights on him and his group.
"What do you call it when the police, state security, old members of the National Democratic Party, the media all rally to bring down the regime?" asked Emad Shahin, a political science professor at the American University in Cairo. "Is that a revolution? If this is the revolution, so be it."
In his swearing-in address, Mr. Mansour offered an olive branch to the Islamists, saying they were part of Egyptian society and deserved to participate in the political process. The National Salvation Front, an umbrella opposition group that had pushed for Mr. Morsi's ouster, also called for inclusive politics.
Alan Cowell contributed reporting from London, and Rick Gladstone from New York.
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