His landslide victory, stretching from the working-class precincts of central Brooklyn to the suburban streets of southeast Queens, amounted to a forceful rejection of the hard-nosed, business-minded style of governance that reigned at City Hall for the past two decades and a sharp leftward turn for the nation's largest metropolis.
Mr. de Blasio, the city's public advocate, defeated Joseph J. Lhota, a former chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
It was the most sweeping victory in a mayor's race since 1985, when Edward I. Koch won by 68 points, and it gave Mr. de Blasio what he said was an unmistakable mandate to pursue his liberal agenda.
"My fellow New Yorkers, today, you spoke out loudly and clearly for a new direction for our city," Mr. de Blasio, a 52-year-old Democrat, said at a raucous party in Park Slope, Brooklyn, at which his teenage children danced onstage and the candidate greeted the crowd in English, Spanish and even a few words of Italian.
"Make no mistake: The people of this city have chosen a progressive path, and tonight we set forth on it, together."
In Manhattan, Mr. Lhota, a 59-year-old Republican, quieted boos from his disappointed supporters as he conceded the race from behind a wooden lectern at a hotel in Murray Hill. "I wish the outcome had been different," he said. He struck a defiant tone, mocking Mr. de Blasio's campaign slogan, "a tale of two cities," by quipping that "despite what you might have heard, we are one city," and adding, "I do hope the mayor-elect understands this, before it's too late."
The lopsided outcome represented the triumph of a populist message over a formidable résumé in a campaign that became a referendum on an entire era, starting with Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and ending with the three-term incumbent mayor, Michael R. Bloomberg.
Throughout the race, Mr. de Blasio overshadowed his opponent by channeling New Yorkers' rising frustrations with income inequality, aggressive policing tactics and lack of affordable housing, and by declaring that the ever-improving city need not leave so many behind.
To an unusual degree, he relied on his own biracial family to connect with an increasingly diverse electorate, electrifying voters with a television commercial featuring his charismatic 15-year-old son, Dante, who has a towering Afro.
In interviews on Election Day, voters across the five boroughs said his message had captured their deep-seated grievances and yearning for change.
Darrian Smith, a 48-year-old custodian at a public school in Brownsville, Brooklyn, said his vote for Mr. de Blasio was a plea to end the widespread police searches, known as the stop-and-frisk tactic, that have repeatedly ensnared him and his African-American neighbors.
"When I look at Mr. de Blasio, I see a bright light at the end of the tunnel," he said.
Jon Kopita, an educational consultant from Greenwich Village, called Mr. de Blasio the best hope for slowing the growth of luxury condominiums that crowd his Manhattan neighborhood.
"If it just becomes a rich person's city, then I might as well just go live somewhere else," he said. "It's time to go in a different direction."
The traditional Republican Party playbook that had propelled Mr. Giuliani and Mr. Bloomberg to victory in an overwhelmingly Democratic city — reaching across party lines to voters worried about crime, education and quality of life — felt outdated this campaign season.
Mr. de Blasio will become the first Democrat to lead New York in a generation, ending his party's two-decade-long exile from City Hall.
"It's huge," said John H. Mollenkopf, director of the Center for Urban Research at the City University of New York, who added that Mr. de Blasio had shown that Democrats were again willing to entrust City Hall to one of their own.
"Liberalism," Mr. Mollenkopf said, "is not dead in New York City."
Mr. Lhota, a former deputy mayor in the Giuliani administration and onetime Wall Street banker, had entered the race with great fanfare and promise: as a moderate Republican, a battle-tested manager and an outsize personality, known for quoting "The Godfather" and posting tipsy messages on Twitter.
Reporting was contributed by Michael M. Grynbaum, Javier C. Hernández, Thomas Kaplan, Kate Taylor and Julie Turkewitz.
This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: November 6, 2013
An earlier version of this article gave an incorrect age for the Republican mayoral candidate, Joseph J. Lhota. Mr. Lhota is 59, not 57.
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